Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic substances and medication, on the kidney. There are various forms of toxicity. It should not be confused with the fact that some medications have a predominantly renal excretion and need their dose adjusted for the decreased renal function (e.g. heparin).

Nephrotoxins are chemicals displaying nephrotoxicity.

The nephrotoxic effect of most drugs is more profound in patients who already have renal impairment. Some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way.

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